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Whole life

Coverage designed not to expire, at a premium designed not to change, with a cash value whose minimum is written into the contract. You pay a great deal for that certainty, and sometimes it is worth it.

How it works

The carrier prices the policy to last your whole life, so the premium is set high enough at the start to carry the cost of insuring you at eighty. Part of each payment covers the insurance; the rest accumulates inside the policy as cash value, which grows at the minimum rate written into your contract. Some carriers also pay dividends on top of that; those are never guaranteed, whatever an illustration shows.

You can borrow against that cash value or surrender the policy for it. Both reduce what your beneficiaries receive, and a loan left unpaid can eventually collapse the policy — which is the part of the sales conversation that tends to get compressed.

When the premium is the point

Final expenses

A modest permanent policy so a funeral and the loose ends after it aren't paid out of someone's savings. This is the most common honest use.

A lifelong dependent

A child who will need support after you're gone. The obligation has no end date, so neither should the coverage.

Estate and business

Liquidity at death for taxes, or funding a buy-sell agreement between partners. Worth doing alongside an attorney or CPA, not instead of one.

Against the other two

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TermWholeIUL
Lasts10–30 yearsLifetimeLifetime, if funded
PremiumLevel, lowestLevel, highestAdjustable
Cash valueNoneGuaranteed, slowIndex-linked, capped
Needs watchingAt renewalRarelyYearly

A summary, not a quote. Actual features, costs, and guarantees are set by the carrier and the policy you're issued.

Next03

Indexed universal life

Caps, charges, flexibility, and the questions to ask before you sign one.

Then01

Term life

A fixed number of years at a level premium, and why the length matters more than the amount.